Barium Sulphate
Barium Sulphate
Properties and Use
Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is the barium salt of sulfuric acid. The term &#;barium&#; is derived from the Greek word barys = heavy, which indicates the element&#;s high atomic weight. Barium sulfate is practically insoluble in water, acids (an exception being hot concentrated sulfuric acid), and bases. Due to its extremely low water solubility, barium sulfate, as compared to other barium compounds, is non-toxic.
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Today, barite (heavy spar) is the only technically used base material for all barium compounds and for barium metal. The major quantity of the barium sulfate that is won by mining is used in oil and natural gas production to obtain high-density drilling fluids for flotation which keeps the boreholes free of rock.
Barium sulfate, moreover, serves as filler (filling spar) in the plastics and the paint and varnish industries. It increases the plasticity and weight of plastic materials that are used for sound insulation in e.g., car mats, carpet coatings, or plastic sewage pipes. The chemical inertness and high temperature stability of barium sulfate are made use of in friction linings. Clutch and brake linings, for example, may contain up to 40 % barium sulfate.
In the paint and varnish industry, high-quality barium sulfate is used as filler mainly due to its inertness and high density. It improves the volume and consistency, viscosity and workability of e.g., fillers, surfacers, and primers. Blanc-fixe, a synthetic from of barium sulfate, is added for easy glazing of glossy papers and photographic papers (barite papers). Burning of such papers leaves whitish barium sulfate deposits. In the textile industry, barium sulfate is found as a finish for linen goods and an agent for rayon matting during etching and printing. Due to its high coefficient of absorption for gamma radiation and X-radiation, barium sulfate is used in concrete (barite concrete, barite cement) that screens nuclear reactors. It is contained, in addition, in numerous radio-opaque substances (radio-opaque barite).
About 70 % of the blanc-fixe produced is used in coating compounds. Blanc-fixe is brighter than barite. It comes in different particle sizes for use in e.g., primers and fillers for automobile finishing, industrial varnishes, building paints and construction coatings, wood varnishes, and printing inks. In covering coats and enamels, it is used as &#;spacer&#; to improve titanium dioxide pigment scattering or to avoid flocculation of organic or inorganic colored pigments. Compounds that consist of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate as a white pigment (lithopone) have become less important.
Blanc-fixe is used to improve the plasticity of plastics and serves as &#;spacer&#; (see above) for white pigments and colored pigments. Moreover, it is applied to increase the surface hardness and scratch resistance of polyolefins, to produce tintless white films or translucent plastics and to enhance the plasticity of many types of semi-crystalline thermoplastics. Medical devices such as catheters or drainage pipes, and toys which may be swallowed by children benefit from the powder&#;s capability to absorb X-radiation. Likewise, blanc-fixe improves the frictional behavior of particular synthetic-fiber surfaces. The substance plays a secondary role today as filler in the paper industry.
Barium sulphate is not self-inflammable as nanometer-sized powder. Also as a mixture with air (dust) under the influence of an ignition source, barium sulphate is not inflammable, so there is no possibility of a dust explosion.
Occurrence and Production
In nature, barium sulfateis found as crystals which due to their high density are referred to as barite (heavy spar). Intergrowth of the crystals causes the formation of so-called barite roses. One of the rare manifestations of such barite roses in desert sand is called "desert rose". The main heavy-spar deposits in Germany are located in Westphalia near the small town of Meggen. Considerably larger deposits are found in China which, in addition, ranks first in barium sulfate mining. The naturally occurring type of barium sulfate is used most commonly. For applications that require very pure white colors, barium sulfate is obtained by precipitation as &#;blanc-fixe&#; (permanent white).
NanoCare Data Sheets
Further Information
Kittel, H (). Lehrbuch der Lacke und Beschichtungen. 2. Auflage, Hirzel-Verlag, ISBN.
Gaechter, R & Mueller, H (). Taschenbuch der Kunststoffadditive. 3. Ausgabe, Hanser Fachbuchverlag, ISBN .
Barium Sulfate – Properties, Uses, Side Effects and Formula
It is an inorganic compound with the chemical name Barium Sulfate.
Barium Sulfate is made up of two components: a barium cation and the sulfate anion. The sulfur is attached to four oxygen atoms. BaSO4 is a sulfate salt of barium and it can be found in the form of mineral barite. It is a crystalline solid white which is insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in concentrated acids. It is odourless.
Barium Sulfate is an alkaline, divalent metal. It is non-toxic and is safe for medical use. It is widely used in the production of oil and natural gas to get high-density drilling fluids by keeping the boreholes free of rock.
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Properties of Barium Sulphate
Barium Sulphate Formula
BaSO4
Molecular Mass of Barium Sulphate
233.38g/mol
Density
4.5g/cm3
Melting Point
oC
Soluble in
oC
Classification
Sulphate
Physical Properties
Pure barium sulfate is found as a white, odorless powder or small crystals with a density of 4.49 g/mL, a melting point of °C and a boiling point of °C.
Chemical Properties
Barium sulfate is said to have extremely poor solubility in the universal solvent water. It is also insoluble in alcohols, and soluble in concentrated acids. It reacts violently with aluminum powder. Barium sulfate has numerous medical and radio imaging uses due to its water insolubility and radio-opaque properties.
Barium Sulphate Uses
Barium sulfate is a contrast agent. Barium sulfate starts functioning by coating the inside of your oesophagus, stomach, or intestines which allows them to be seen more clearly on a CT scan or other radiologic (x-ray) examination.
Barium sulfate is taken into use to help diagnose certain disorders of the oesophagus, stomach, or intestines.
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Barium sulfate may also be used for some other factors not listed in this medication guide. Drilling fluids
About 80% of the world's barium sulfate production, mostly purified mineral, is consumed as a component of oil well drilling fluid. It increases the density of the fluid, increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the well and reducing the chance of a blowout.
Radiocontrast agent
Barium Sulfate Suspension
Barium sulfate in suspension is now and again utilized medicinally as a radiocontrast specialist for X-ray imaging and other indicative strategies. It is regularly utilized in imaging of the GI tract during what is casually known as a "barium meal". It is managed orally, or by bowel purge, as a suspension of fine particles in a thick milk-like arrangement (frequently with sweetening and seasoning agents added). Although barium is a heavy metal, and its water-solvent mixes are usually poisonous, the low dissolvability of barium sulfate shields the patient from engrossing destructive measures of the metal. Barium sulfate is likewise promptly expelled from the body, dissimilar to Thorotrast, which it replaced. Because of the high nuclear number (Z = 56) of barium, its compounds ingest X-rays more unequivocally than compounds derived from lighter nuclei.
Shade
Most manufactured barium sulfate is utilized as a part of white colour for paints. In oil paint, barium sulfate is practically transparent, and is utilized as a filler or to alter the consistency. One significant producer of artists' oil paint sells "perpetual white" that contains a blend of titanium white shade (TiO2) and barium sulfate. The blend of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide (ZnS) is the inorganic pigment called lithopone. In photography, it is utilized as a covering for certain photographic papers.
Barium Sulfate Side Effects
You should go for emergency medical assistance if you have indications of a hypersensitive response: hives; troublesome breathing; expanding of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
severe stomach pain;
severe cramping, diarrhoea, or constipation;
ringing in your ears;
sweating, confusion, fast heart rate; or
pale skin, blue-coloured skin, weakness.
mild stomach cramps
nausea, vomiting; or
loose stools or mild constipation.
Barium Sulfate Formula
Barium sulfate is a significant inorganic chemical with several applications, including medical uses.
Structure and Formula of barium sulfate: The chemical formula of barium sulfate is BaSO4 and its molar mass is 233.43 g/mol. It is a salt made up of the barium cation (Ba2+) and the sulfate anion (SO42-), in which sulfur is joined to four oxygen atoms. The barium metal is present in the +2-oxidation state. The chemical structure of barium sulfate is shown as below:
Occurrence: Barium sulfate occurs naturally as the mineral barite, which is widely found and can be considered as the major source of barium and other barium compounds.
Did you know?
Barium Sulphate is insoluble in water. If under certain conditions it was made to dissolve in the water the solution will be very toxic.
Barium Sulphate is commonly used to perform X-rays of the stomach and intestines.
It is also used extensively in paints and the making of glasses.
Did you know what gives your fireworks green colour? It is the presence of Barium Nitrate that gives it a flashy green colour upon burst.
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4
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