Salt is a substance that dissolves easily in water, to make a salt water solution. This is a mixture. We can separate the salt and the water from the salt water solution using distillation.

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In here, all of the salt and water particles are mixed up.

To separate the mixture and collect the solvent, we need to make the water change state.

And to do that in the lab we can use something like this.

The salt water solution goes into the flask.

This part is a water-cooled condenser. There&#;s a hollow tube through the middle, and a sleeve around the outside. When we connect the bottom part to the tap, it fills with cold water, which flows out the top. That helps to keep it nice and cool around the central tube.

We&#;ll put the Bunsen burner under here and a cylinder to collect the water formed as the water vapour condenses.

And then watch and wait.

When we heat the salt water solution, the particles in the liquid are whizzing around very quickly.

At the solution&#;s boiling point, the high energy water molecules break free of the liquid surface, forming water vapour.

The water vapour travels up out of the flask, and down into the water-cooled condenser. It&#;s much cooler here, so the water particles slow down and condense, turning back into a liquid which drips slowly down the tube, and into the cylinder.

After we&#;ve removed all the water from the solution, there&#;s only salt left behind and this is pure water.

This process of distillation is used in the chemical industry to separate mixtures of liquids with different boiling points. Like getting petrol and diesel from crude oil, the mixture drilled out of the ground.

What are the 5 Steps of Distillation?

Distillation is a process used to separate substances with different boiling points. It involves several key steps that ensure precise separation and purification. Here&#;s a breakdown of the five main steps of distillation:

1. Evaporation

In this step, the crude oil or liquid mixture is heated until it reaches its boiling point.

As the mixture heats up, it begins to evaporate.

The vapors rise upwards and enter a fractionating column.

2. Condensation

The temperature inside the fractionating column is highest at the bottom and gradually decreases towards the top.

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As the vapors rise, they come into contact with cooler surfaces.

These cooler surfaces cause the vapors to condense back into liquid form.

The condensed liquid is collected as fractions.

3. Collection

The fractions, which are the different components of the original mixture, are collected as they condense at different points in the fractionating column.

Each fraction has different boiling points and chemical properties.

4. Simple Distillation

Simple distillation is a method used when the liquids in the mixture have significantly different boiling points.

It involves heating the mixture to its boiling point and immediately condensing the resulting vapors.

This method is effective for separating liquids with a minimum difference of 25 degrees Celsius in their boiling points.

5. Fractional Distillation

Fractional distillation is used when the liquids in the mixture have similar boiling points.

It involves multiple vaporization-condensation steps that take place in a fractionating column.

This process is also known as rectification and is used to separate liquids with a minimum difference of 70 degrees Celsius in their boiling points.

Overall, distillation is a process of separating substances with different boiling points.

It involves evaporating the substance with the lowest boiling point, condensing it at another point, and then increasing the temperature to evaporate and condense the next substance in the mixture.

Distillation is commonly used in various industries, laboratories, and chemical factories for substance separation or purification.

Continue exploring, consult our experts

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