How long does urea last in soil?

How long does urea last in soil? Urea, a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer, typically lasts in soil for about two to four weeks, depending on various factors such as soil pH, temperature, moisture levels, and microbial activity. .

The breakdown of urea in soil occurs through a process known as hydrolysis, where urea is converted into ammonium (NH4+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) by the enzyme urease. This ammonium form of nitrogen can then be taken up by plants or converted into nitrate (NO3-) by soil microbes. .

The rate of urea breakdown in soil is influenced by soil pH, with faster breakdown occurring in alkaline soils compared to acidic soils. Higher temperatures and moisture levels also accelerate the hydrolysis of urea, as the enzyme urease is more active under these conditions.

Understanding the longevity of urea in soil is important for efficient fertilizer management. If urea breaks down too quickly, there is a risk of nitrogen loss through volatilization or leaching, reducing its effectiveness as a fertilizer. On the other hand, if urea remains in soil for too long, there is a risk of nitrogen accumulating in the soil and causing nutrient imbalances or environmental pollution.

To maximize the efficiency of urea fertilizers, it is recommended to apply urea in split doses, incorporate it into the soil to reduce volatilization losses, and use urease inhibitors to slow down the hydrolysis process. Additionally, monitoring soil pH, temperature, and moisture levels can help optimize urea application for maximum nutrient uptake by plants.

In conclusion, urea typically lasts in soil for two to four weeks, with its longevity influenced by soil pH, temperature, moisture levels, and microbial activity. By understanding the factors affecting urea breakdown in soil, farmers and gardeners can make informed decisions about urea fertilizer application to enhance crop productivity and minimize environmental impact.

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