Questions You Should Know about smd led bulb circuit diagram
All You Need to Know About LEDs
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- Basic LED.
- Dome LED.
- SMD LED (Large).
- SMD LED (Small).
- Display LED used in 7-Segment Display.
LEDs are produced in a variety of shapes and sizes. The color of the plastic lens is often the same as the actual color of light emitted, but not always. For instance, purple plastic is often used for infrared LEDs, and most blue devices have colorless housings. Modern high power LEDs such as those used for lighting and backlighting are generally found in surface-mount devices (SMD) packages. Some LED's have diffused plastic lenses.
Basic LED
The basic LED is one of the most widely used LED's. Due too it's popularity its pice is relatively cheaper compared to othe LED's. It looks very basic and the design is very simple.
Dome LED
This is a type of LED which is shaped liked a 'Dome'. This shape is designed too increase the area to which the light is transmitted. In other words the Angle of Emission( Circumfernce) of Light from the LED is greater than the Basic LED. This is generally controlled by how far they place the light emitter from the dome. The spec sheets almost always give you a "half-power angle" (the angle off-axis at which you're seeing only half the brightness). If you want a much wider emission angle you can cut the dome off with a dremel tool. If you care, you can then file or polish the end, but it's not necessary. The closer you cut it to the emission device, the wider angle you'll get. But be careful not to cut too close because there's a tiny wire in there that usually cannot be seen by eye. Although this type of LED is slightly more expensive than a basic led.
SMD LED
This type of LED is generally very small in size. SMD means Surface Mounted Device. And as its name suggests, this LED is soldered onto the surface of the PCB unlike conventional 'through- hole' components. These LED's are Generally soldered by Machines( Precise Soldering Robots) and are extremely difficult to solder by hand (Although it isn't impossible to Solder SMD LED's by Hand). Inorder to solder SMD LED's by hand you just need a fine tipped soldering iron, some thin solder, a bright light, and possibly a magnifier and some good and precise soldering skills.
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Display LED
This type of LED is mainly used in displays as its shape is flat.
Values for SMD Resistors for LED Lighting
Some Simple Arithmetic
The first thing to take into account is the voltage dropped across your LED. This depends on its colour - white and blue LEDs drop around 3 volts while green and yellow drop about 2 volts, and red only around 1.6 volts. Hence, when connecting to an HO or N decoder output which will supply nominally 13 volts, we will have to drop the remaining volts across the series resistor. Assuming, for this example, you are using white LEDs, there will be 10 volts to be dropped across the resistor.
Now, most LEDs will be sufficiently bright with 10 mA current flowing through them ( mA = 1 Amp). The value of the series resistor is calculated by dividing the voltage across it (10 volts) by the current (10 mA = 0.01 A), which gives a value of ohm = 1 Kohm. The values can be easily scaled so, if you find you need twice the current to get a sufficiently bright light, then halve the value of the resistor (500 ohm - or use the nearest preferred value of 470 ohm) - or double the resistor value to get half the current (5 mA).
The power dissipated by the resistor is calculated by dividing the square of the voltage (volts times volts) by the value of the resistor. For our example, with 10 volts across the resistor, the power will be (10 x 10)/ = 0.1 watt - so a 1/8 watt resistor will be fine. With a 470 ohm resistor the power will be approximately twice as much, so needing a 1/4 watt resistor.
Hope this helps.
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