A multicomponent model system is presented in this work. The basic model system contains ethyl acetate (EtAc), ethanol (EtOH), water (HO), and acetic acid (AA); one case study is extended by ethylene oxide (EO) and monoethylene glycol (MEG). This system is strongly non-ideal. Two homogeneous binary azeotropes (EtOH'HO, EtOH'EtAc), one heterogeneous binary azeotrope (EtAc'HO), and one homogeneous ternary azeotrope (EtAc'EtOH'HO) are reported in the literature [ 35 36 ] and databases [ 26 ]. Despite acetic acid forming no azeotropic mixture with other participating compounds, it is known for its strong association in the vapor phase and the formation of dimers [ 37 ]. Monoethylene glycol does not form an azeotropic mixture with other mentioned components. Unlike other components, ethylene oxide is a gas at room temperature [ 38 ]. For such a system, the NRTL-HOC thermodynamic model is highly recommended [ 15 28 ] as it is capable of calculating the VLLE (vapor'liquid'liquid phase equilibria) correctly including two liquid phases, azeotropic mixtures composition, and boing points, dimerization in the vapor phase. All the above-mentioned papers have shown simulation results to be in good agreement with experiment data. Moreover, reliable parameters for the NRTL-HOC model can be obtained from available databases (Aspen Plus [ 26 ], DECHEMA, NIST).

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As it was mentioned, an auxiliary chemical reaction was included to enhance the reactive distillation process in the last case study. This auxiliary reaction was chosen to ensure the removal of the main esterification reaction by-product'water. Ethylene oxide (EO) hydration was used, Equation (7). Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is produced as the main product of the auxiliary reaction. Further reactions towards higher glycols (diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol) were omitted because of lower reaction rate and negligible change in the composition of product streams [ 23 41 ]. The auxiliary reaction rate is expressed by Equation (8) [ 23 41 ].

In this work, homogeneous catalysis using sulfuric acid was assumed, Equation (5). The reaction rate ([kmol m]) is expressed by Equation (6), which has been used in works [ 23 40 ]. The reaction occurs in the liquid phase; liquid phase molar concentrations ([kmol m]) are used. The concentration of sulfuric acid catalyst was low [ 15 25 ], so its presence in the phase equilibria calculation was neglected.

Mechanism and reaction kinetics of the esterification reaction of ethanol and acetic acid in the presence of acid catalysts has been studied in many works [ 1 40 ]. Three types of catalysis have been reported: autocatalysis, homogeneous catalysis, and heterogeneous catalysis. The reaction rate is low and achievable conversion is up to 20% at high residence times in the case of autocatalysis reaction [ 39 ]. Strong mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, are traditionally used as homogeneous catalysts [ 15 ]. High conversion, of up to 65.5%, is achieved in industrial applications using sulfuric acid [ 1 ] in the range from 0.2 to 1.0 volume percent of the reactive mixture [ 15 23 ]. Acidic ion exchange resins in various forms have been used as heterogeneous catalysts to increase conversion (slightly below 70%); however, no solid heterogeneous catalyst has been found to increase the reaction rate in favor of ethyl acetate production better than sulfuric acid [ 15 ]. High reaction rate, high conversion, and a smaller amount of catalyst are preferred from the industrial point of view. In addition, process set-up and equipment design are much easier in the case of homogeneous catalysis. On the other hand, equipment corrosion and catalyst recycling are major drawbacks of homogeneous catalysis with sulfuric acid.

2.3. Equipment Model

Aspen Plus V10 simulation environment provides several options to compile a process model. In this work, three main types of equipment models were used: chemical reactor, heat exchanger, and distillation column/reactive distillation column.

A chemical reactor is simulated by a model of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) which assumes ideal mixing along with rate-controlled chemical reaction based on known kinetics. The reactor can be operated as an isothermal as well as an adiabatic one. The residence time parameter was used to achieve the desired conversion. Valid phases (liquid, vapor, vapor'liquid) for the chemical reaction were specified; in case of esterification (5), the chemical reaction rate is expressed by Equation (6) and takes place only in the liquid phase.

Heat exchangers were simulated by the Heater and HeatX models, respectively. A shortcut set-up was applied to reach the desired stream temperature. Heat integration was applied to improve the optimal process design. The minimum stream temperature difference was set to 10 °C.

N

), reactive zone (

NR

), feed stage position (

f

), reflux ratio (

R

). These parameters can be found in the literature [

A Rigorous RadFrac column model was used for RD modeling as well as for conventional distillation. This model allows both EQ and NEQ approaches. Building an NEQ model of reactive separation or separation is not as straightforward as it is in the EQ model. The NEQ model requires much more reliable parameters compared to the EQ model. Consequently, the NEQ model is more difficult to calculate and convergence problems often occur. To improve NEQ model convergence, a good initial guess of stage temperature, liquid phase composition, and vapor phase composition have to be used. For this purpose, the EQ model of each column was made in the first step of the simulation using initial column parameters such as the number of theoretical stages (), reactive zone (), feed stage position (), reflux ratio (). These parameters can be found in the literature [ 5 15 ]. Results of the EQ model simulation provide a very good starting point for building the NEQ model [ 19 27 ]. Another advantage of first building the EQ model is the possibility of faster testing of individual case studies [ 28 ]. When the suitable case study concept is selected, the NEQ model is built based on the EQ model results.

d

), packing height (

H

), packing dimensions) were set during the calculation procedure with regard to reasonable column hydraulics, pressure drop, and approach to flood.

Rate-based set-up must be enabled in the Aspen Plus [ 26 ] in the NEQ model. Therefore, detailed column internal configuration is required next. A packed column is selected similarly to simulation-experimental works [ 22 28 ]. Mass and heat transfer correlation methods were selected according to the recommendation for the packing type (Rashing Ralu-Ring). Column hydraulics was simulated by Aspen Plus built-in hydraulic function assuming correlation for Rashing Ralu-Ring packing type. Column internal configuration (internal diameter (), packing height (), packing dimensions) were set during the calculation procedure with regard to reasonable column hydraulics, pressure drop, and approach to flood.

NR

) only, where acetic acid is presented. On the other hand, the hydration reaction (7) is enabled in the whole RD column because ethylene oxide reacts with water whenever they meet in the liquid phase. All the above-mentioned column parameters (

N

,

NR

,

f

,

R

,

d

,

H

') were optimized to meet the design criteria of individual columns as well as of the whole process.

In the case of an RD column, the chemical reaction rate is expressed by Equations (6) and (8). A homogeneous catalyst (sulfuric acid) is fed to the column together with acetic acid [ 17 23 ]. The esterification reaction (5) is enabled in the reactive zone () only, where acetic acid is presented. On the other hand, the hydration reaction (7) is enabled in the whole RD column because ethylene oxide reacts with water whenever they meet in the liquid phase. All the above-mentioned column parameters (') were optimized to meet the design criteria of individual columns as well as of the whole process.

There will always be a demand for ethyl acetate as the globe continues to grow and produce new products. It's a versatile chemical that may be utilised in both industrial and consumer applications, making it one of the most desired chemicals on the market.

To profit from this, start your own Ethyl Acetate Manufacturing business. In this piece, we'll explain why you should.

 

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Ethyl Acetate:

Ethyl acetate is a liquid commonly used as a solvent, either pure or in mixtures. Ethyl acetate is generally recognized as safe by many regulatory agencies and is not listed as an irritant or known carcinogen.

It is found naturally in some fruits, such as apples and bananas. It can also be synthesized from ethanol and acetic acid (CH3COOH). In fact, it is one of three main products when Ethanol is fermented.

 

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Uses of Ethyl acetate:

In perfumes, cosmetics and deodorants, it acts as a solvent or fixative. In paint removers, it serves to thin oil-based paints; in nail polish removers, to dissolve lacquers; and in adhesives such as rubber cement, to dilute resins.

In metalworking fluids, it reduces viscosity of water-based muds used for drilling steel pipes. Ethyl acetate can also be found in household cleaners, where it functions as an antimicrobial agent.

 

Manufacturing Process:

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Ethyl acetate is made by combining ethanol and acetic acid in a procedure known as esterification. Both chemicals are dissolved in their pure state in an organic solvent such as methyl tert-butyl ether in a process known as transesterification (MTBE).

They are allowed to react with each other at moderate temperatures (about 30 degrees Celsius) and under pressure. The final solution is primarily ethyl acetate, with a little water and traces of acetic acid and ethanol thrown in for good measure.

After that, the mixture is distilled to remove the contaminants from the ethyl acetate. It can be refined further after distillation by putting it through activated carbon filters. It can also go through vacuum distillation or recrystallization operations to ensure purity.

 

Download PDF: Ethyl Acetate Production Plant. Highly Profitable Business for Entrepreneurs

 

Why you should start an Ethyl Acetate Business:

Ethyl Acetate is in great demand right now and businesses are prepared to pay you top dollar for it. If you're not familiar with Ethyl Acetate, know that it is a clear liquid with an intensely fruity smell.

It's used in perfumes, nail polish removers, fruit flavorings, baked goods, and more. If you have easy access to fruit, then building an Ethyl Acetate production business could be an excellent money-making opportunity for you.

The market is ripe for growth and there's plenty of room for new sellers. Get started today!

 

Business Plan: Ethyl Acetate Production Business

 

Global Market Outlook:

Ethyl acetate is a clear liquid with a fruity aroma. It's also known as hexanoic acid or 2-propanoic acid. It can be produced either naturally with yeast and bacteria or artificially using synthetic techniques. Due to rising demand from a variety of end-user sectors, the ethyl acetate industry has been a promising one for some time.

Over the next five years, the global market for ethyl acetate is predicted to rise at a CAGR of around 4.2 percent, reaching 5 million tonnes in , up from 4 million tonnes in .

 

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Asia-Pacific Market Outlook:

Throughout the projected period, Asia-Pacific is expected to lead the market. Furthermore, rising family incomes and urbanization rates in nations such as China, India, and Malaysia are likely to propel Asia-Pacific growth to new heights.

In recent years, India's demand for ethyl acetate has steadily increased. The automotive, food and beverage, and packaging industries are the primary end-user industries in the country, each accounting for a considerable portion of ethyl acetate usage.

 

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India Ethyl Acetate Market:

The India Ethyl Acetate Market was valued at US$ 587.81 million in , and is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 8.07 percent to US$ .23 million by .

Ethyl acetic acid is formed when ethanol and acetic acid are esterified in the presence of a strong acid. It's used to make varnishes, coatings, cleaning solutions, and nitrocellulose. To remove nail paint and clean electric circuit sheets, ultra-pure ethyl acetic acid is utilised.

Pharmaceuticals, perfumes, printing inks, and food all employ low-purity ethyl acetic acid. It can be used in herbicides and as a tea and coffee decaffeination solvent. Wood furniture, instrument fabrication, mining hardware, farming hardware, and maritime equipment all require ethyl acetic acid.

 

 

In India, ethyl acetate is being used in coating formulations for wood furniture, instrument production, mining hardware, farming hardware, and marine equipment. The solvent cast technique is also used to make flexible packaging sheets out of ethyl acetate. Flexible packaging is popular in the packaging business because it is highly versatile, comes in a variety of sizes, is inexpensive, has a long shelf life, and can be recycled.

 

Key Players:

• INEOS (UK)
• Celanese (US)
• Eastman Chemical (US)
• Jiangsu Sopo (China)
• Jiangmen Handsome (China)
• Wuxi Baichuan (China)
• Jubilant (India)
• GODAVARI BIOREFINERIES LTD. (India)
• Sekab (Sweden)
• Korea Alcohol (South Korea)
• IOL Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals (India)

 

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